Development

None


The iOS SDK (Software Development Kit) allows for the development of mobile apps on iOS.

While originally developing iPhone prior to its unveiling in 2007, Apple's then-CEO Steve Jobs did not intend to let third-party developers build native apps for iOS, instead directing them to make web applications for the Safari web browser. However, backlash from developers prompted the company to reconsider, with Jobs announcing in October 2007 that Apple would have a software development kit available for developers by February 2008. The SDK was released on March 6, 2008.

The SDK is a free download for users of Mac personal computers. It is not available for Microsoft Windows PCs. The SDK contains sets giving developers access to various functions and services of iOS devices, such as hardware and software attributes. It also contains an iPhone simulator to mimic the look and feel of the device on the computer while developing. New versions of the SDK accompany new versions of iOS. In order to test applications, get technical support, and distribute apps through App Store, developers are required to subscribe to the Apple Developer Program.

Combined with Xcode, the iOS SDK helps developers write iOS apps using officially supported programming languages, including Swift and Objective-C. Other companies have also created tools that allow for the development of native iOS apps using their respective programming languages.

Update schedule

Apple provides major updates to the iOS operating system annually via iTunes and since iOS 5, also over-the-air. The device checks an XML-based PLIST file on mesu.apple.com for updates. The updates are delivered in plain unencrypted ZIP files. On all recent iOS devices, iOS regularly checks on the availability of an update, and if one is available, will prompt the user to permit its automatic installation.

The latest stable version is iOS 14, released on September 16, 2020. It is available for iPhone 6S and later, and the seventh-generation iPod Touch. In addition to the release of iOS 14, iPadOS 14 was released alongside iOS 14. Apple debuted iOS 14 and iPadOS 14 at its annual WWDC keynote on June 22, 2020. iPadOS 14 is available on iPad Air 2 and later, iPad fifth-generation and later, iPad mini 4 and later and all versions of the iPad Pro. The update introduced new features such as improved home screen widgets, the App Library, App Clips, and more.

Originally, iPod Touch users had to pay for system software updates. This was due to accounting rules that designated it not a "subscription device" like iPhone or Apple TV, and improvements to the device required payments. The requirement to pay to upgrade caused iPod Touch owners to stay away from updates. However, in September 2009, a change in accounting rules won tentative approval, affecting Apple's earnings and stock price, and allowing iPod Touch updates to be delivered for free.

Apple has significantly extended the cycle of updates for iOS supported devices over the years. The iPhone (1st generation) and iPhone 3G only received two iOS updates, while later models had support for five to six years.

XNU Kernel

The iOS kernel is the XNU kernel of Darwin. The original iPhone OS (1.0) up to iPhone OS 3.1.3 used Darwin 9.0.0d1. iOS 4 was based on Darwin 10. iOS 5 was based on Darwin 11. iOS 6 was based on Darwin 13. iOS 7 and iOS 8 are based on Darwin 14. iOS 9 is based on Darwin 15. iOS 10 is based on Darwin 16. iOS 11 is based on Darwin 17. iOS 12 is based on Darwin 18. iOS 13 is based on Darwin 19.

In iOS 6 the kernel is subject to the ASLR Kernel, very similar to that of OS X Mountain Lion. This makes the exploit possibilities more complex since it is not possible to know the location of the kernel code.

Since XNU is based on the BSD kernel, it is open source. Source is under a 3-clause BSD license for original BSD parts with parts added by Apple under the Apple Public Source License. The versions contained in iOS are not available, while only the versions used in macOS are available.

iOS, does not have kexts in the file system, even if they are actually present. The kernel cache can be decompressed to show the correct kernel, along with the kexts (all packed in the __PRELINK_TEXT section) and their plists (in the __PRELINK_INFO section).

The kernel cache can also be directly decompressed (if decrypted) using third party tools. With the advent of iOS 10 betas and default plain text kernelcaches, these tools can only be used after unpacking and applying lzssdec to unpack the kernel cache to its full size.

The kextstat provided by the Cydia alternative software does not work on iOSm because the kextstat is based on kmod_get_info(...), which is a deprecated API in iOS 4 and Mac OS X Snow Leopard. There are other alternative software that can also dump raw XML data.

On developing devices, the kernel is always stored as a statically linked cache stored in /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.kernelcaches/kernelcache which is unpacked and executed at boot.

In the beginning, iOS had a kernel version usually higher than the corresponding version of macOS. Over time, the kernels of iOS and macOS have gotten closer. This is not surprising, considering that iOS introduced new features (such as the ASLR Kernel, the default freezer, and various security-strengthening features) that were first incorporated and subsequently arrived on macOS. It appears Apple is gradually merging the iOS and macOS kernels over time. The build date for each version varies slightly between processors. This is due to the fact that the builds are sequential.

The latest version of the Darwin Kernel updated to iOS 13.6 is 19.6.0, dated July 27, 2020, while for iOS 14 beta 4 it is 20.0.0, dated July 27, 2020.

Kernel Builds
iOS Version Kernel Build Notes
1A420 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Thu Mar 8 01:38:53 PST 2007; root:xnu-933.0.0.144.obj~1/DEVELOPMENT_ARM_S5L8900XRB
1.0 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Tue May 22 21:15:55 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.0.178.obj~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB
1.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Fri Jun 22 00:38:56 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.1.178.obj~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB
1.0.2
1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Thu Sep 6 23:26:45 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.0.203.obj~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB iPod touch only
1.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Wed Sep 19 00:08:42 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.203~21/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB First kernel that was 8900 encrypted
1.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Wed Oct 10 00:07:49 PDT 2007; root:xnu-933.0.204~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB
1.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 9.0.0d1: Wed Dec 12 00:16:00 PST 2007; root:xnu-933.0.211~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900XRB
1.1.4
1.1.5 iPod touch only
1.2 beta ?
2.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Wed Mar 19 22:40:09 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.34~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
2.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Tue Apr 1 21:58:46 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.39~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
2.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Tue Apr 15 21:09:34 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.49~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
2.0 beta 5 ?
2.0 beta 6 ?
2.0 beta 7 ?
2.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 9.3.1: Sun Jun 15 21:37:01 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.6.76~45/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
2.0
2.0.1
2.0.2
2.1 beta ?
2.1 beta 2 ?
2.1 beta 3 ?
2.1 beta 4 ?
2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.4.1: Sun Aug 10 21:25:25 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.7.27~12/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X
2.1.1
2.2 beta ?
2.2 beta 2 ?
2.2 Darwin Kernel Version 9.4.1: Sat Nov 1 19:13:13 PDT 2008; root:xnu-1228.7.36~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X
2.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 9.4.1: Mon Dec 8 21:02:57 PST 2008; root:xnu-1228.7.37~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X
3.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Mon Mar 9 22:51:44 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.65~12/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
3.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Mar 25 21:56:57 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.71~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
3.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Apr 10 15:52:33 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.78~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
3.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Apr 22 21:48:01 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.83~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
3.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Apr 29 22:05:19 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.86~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8900X
3.0 GM ?
3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed May 13 22:16:49 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.2.89~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
3.0.1
3.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Jun 24 21:55:27 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.22~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8720X
3.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Jul 8 21:57:20 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.23~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
3.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Wed Jul 22 21:39:52 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.24~13/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Aug 14 13:23:32 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.30~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
3.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Sep 25 23:35:35 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.30~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
3.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0d3: Fri Dec 18 01:34:28 PST 2009; root:xnu-1357.5.30~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Mon Mar 15 23:15:33 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.2.27~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X iPad only
3.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Fri May 28 16:46:17 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.2.50~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
3.2.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Aug 4 19:08:04 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.2.60~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Sat Apr 3 03:06:07 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.51.1~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
4.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Apr 14 23:43:59 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.51~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
4.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Apr 28 20:47:20 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.61~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
4.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue May 11 22:12:23 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.69~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
4.0 GM ?
4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed May 26 22:28:33 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.73~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.0.1
4.0.2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Aug 4 18:46:06 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.50.80~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Mon Jul 5 20:15:12 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.27~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue Jul 20 21:31:09 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.32~9/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Jul 28 01:26:23 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.33~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Wed Aug 4 22:35:51 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.55.33~10/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.1: Tue Sep 7 23:33:25 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.18~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Thu Sep 23 20:56:24 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.21~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Tue Oct 5 21:42:47 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.25~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2 GM Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Wed Oct 20 20:14:45 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.28~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2.1 GM
4.2.1 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Wed Oct 20 20:14:45 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.58.28~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2.5 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Thu Dec 30 19:38:02 PST 2010; root:xnu-1504.62~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X iPhone 4 only.
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.2.8
4.2.9 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Fri Jul 8 18:32:26 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1504.63~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.2.10
4.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Jan 4 21:36:31 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.24~10/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Mon Jan 10 22:08:15 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.30~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Fri Jan 28 13:55:49 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.39.80~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.3 GM ?
4.3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Feb 10 21:46:56 PST 2011; root:xnu-1735.46~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.3.1
4.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Mar 30 18:51:10 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1735.46~10/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.3.3
4.3.4 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sat Jul 9 00:59:43 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1735.47~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
4.3.5
5.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Mon May 30 20:28:35 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.2.52~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
5.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Jun 19 18:59:56 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.3.20~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
5.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Jun 30 23:23:57 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.10~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
5.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Jul 17 19:21:53 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.20~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
5.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Aug 2 22:31:30 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.80~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Aug 14 19:04:49 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.31~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Aug 25 20:47:50 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.38~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Thu Sep 15 23:34:16 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.43~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.0
5.0.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Oct 19 19:05:07 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.45~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.0.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Tue Nov 1 20:34:16 PDT 2011; root:xnu-1878.4.46~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
5.0.1
5.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Nov 13 19:10:13 PST 2011; root:xnu-1878.10.61~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Dec 4 18:57:33 PST 2011; root:xnu-1878.10.68~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Mon Jan 2 18:46:01 PST 2012; root:xnu-1878.10.74~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
5.1 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Wed Feb 1 23:18:07 PST 2012; root:xnu-1878.11.8~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8945X
5.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 11.0.0: Sun Apr 8 21:51:26 PDT 2012; root:xnu-1878.11.10~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed May 30 19:23:03 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.1.78~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jun 17 19:47:47 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.1.61~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jul 8 20:15:17 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.9~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Jul 29 20:15:28 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.26~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Aug 19 00:27:34 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.33~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.0
6.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed Oct 10 23:32:19 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.2.34~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
6.0.2 iPhone 5 only.
6.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Oct 21 19:28:43 PDT 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.51~17/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Nov 4 19:02:54 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.53~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Mon Nov 26 21:17:13 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.53~27/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Dec 9 19:22:45 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.55~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
6.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Sun Dec 16 20:01:39 PST 2012; root:xnu-2107.7.55~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
6.1
6.1.1 beta
6.1.1 iPhone 4s only
6.1.2
6.1.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Wed Feb 13 21:35:42 PST 2013; root:xnu-2107.7.55.2.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8920X
6.1.3
6.1.4 iPhone 5 only.
6.1.5 iPod touch (4th generation) only.
6.1.6 iPod touch (4th generation) and iPhone 3GS only.
7.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed May 29 23:53:59 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.1.1.2~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jun 17 00:51:51 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.28~7/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jul 1 04:25:28 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.40~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jul 22 02:12:11 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.55~8/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Aug 4 22:40:14 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.70~6/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.0 beta 6
7.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Aug 13 21:39:05 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.73~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.0
7.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Sep 9 20:56:02 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.1.74~2/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X iPhone 5c and 5s only
7.0.2
7.0.3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Sep 27 23:08:32 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2423.3.12~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
7.0.4
7.0.5 iPhone 5c and iPhone 5s only.
7.0.6
7.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Nov 11 04:18:01 PST 2013; root:xnu-2423.10.33~9/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Dec 10 21:25:34 PST 2013; root:xnu-2423.10.38.1.1~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Jan 2 01:55:45 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.45~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 13 03:33:00 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.49.0.1~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 27 23:55:13 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.58~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1 GM Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Feb 21 19:41:10 PST 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.67~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1
7.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Mar 28 21:22:10 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.70~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8930X
7.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu May 15 23:17:54 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2423.10.71~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon May 26 22:09:06 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2729.0.0.0.9~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8942X
8.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sat Jun 14 16:36:40 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2775.0.0.1.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jul 2 18:51:34 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.21~19/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jul 16 21:55:26 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.40.0.3~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jul 30 23:04:17 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.62~20/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Aug 19 15:09:47 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.72~8/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.0
8.0.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Sep 18 21:52:21 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.1.72~23/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.0.2
8.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sat Sep 27 18:49:49 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.12~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Oct 3 21:52:09 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.13~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Fri Oct 7 00:04:37 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.13~4/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.1.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Nov 2 20:21:29 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.21~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Nov 3 22:54:30 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2783.3.22~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.1.2
8.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 2 21:29:20 PST 2015; root:xnu-2783.3.26~3/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.2 beta ?
8.2 beta 2 ?
8.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Dec 14 20:59:15 PST 2014; root:xnu-2783.5.29.0.1~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
8.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Jan 6 21:02:10 PST 2015; root:xnu-2783.5.32~9/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
8.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Jan 26 22:16:17 PST 2015; root:xnu-2783.5.37~11/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
8.2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Feb 9 22:07:57 PST 2015; root:xnu-2783.5.38~5/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.3 beta ?
8.3 beta 2 ?
8.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Mon Mar 4 20:55:58 PST 2015; root:xnu-2784.20.25~26/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Mar 19 00:16:36 PST 2015; root:xnu-2784.20.31~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Sun Mar 29 19:44:04 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.20.34~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Apr 8 21:26:37 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.30.1~29/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000
8.4 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Apr 21 21:49:05 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.30.2~9/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue May 5 23:09:22 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.30.5~7/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Wed 3 23:19:49 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.30.7~13/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.4 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Jun 24 00:50:15 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.30.7~30/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
8.4.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Thu Jul 9 21:54:11 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.40.6~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.4.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Tue Jul 28 16:34:51 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.40.6~15/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
8.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 14.0.0: Wed Aug 5 19:24:44 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2784.40.6~18/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
9.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Fri May 29 22:14:48 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3216.0.0.1.15~2/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Mon Jun 15 21:51:54 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3247.1.6.1.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Sat Jul 11 20:01:45 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3247.1.56~13\/RELEASE_ARM64_T7001
9.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Mon Aug 3 19:58:41 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3247.1.88.1.1~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_T7001
9.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Thu Aug 6 22:27:22 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.1.2~3\/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
9.0 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Thu Aug 20 13:11:13 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.1.3~1\/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
9.0.1
9.0.2
9.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Sat Aug 29 17:41:04 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.10.27~10\/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8940X
9.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Mon Sep 14 01:24:55 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.10.38~3\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Fri Sep 25 17:14:21 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.10.41~11\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Fri Oct 2 14:07:07 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.10.42~4\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.1 beta 5
9.1
9.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Sun Oct 18 23:34:30 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.20.33.0.1~7\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Sun Oct 25 21:50:56 PDT 2015; root:xnu-3248.20.39~8\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Fri Nov 6 22:12:13 PST 2015; root:xnu-3248.21.1~2\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Fri Nov 13 16:08:07 PST 2015; root:xnu-3248.21.2~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.2
9.2.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.0.0: Wed Dec 9 22:19:38 PST 2015; root:xnu-3248.31.3~2\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.2.1 beta 2
9.2.1
9.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Tue Jan 5 21:24:25 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.40.155.1.1~3\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.3 beta 1.1
9.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Tue Jan 19 00:18:39 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.40.166.0.1~10\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Sun Jan 31 22:48:58 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.40.173.0.1~13\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Sun Feb 14 23:17:56 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.41.3~16\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Sun Feb 22 01:48:23 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.41.4~36\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3 beta 6
9.3 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 15.4.0: Fri Feb 19 13:54:52 PST 2016; root:xnu-3248.41.4~28\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.5.0: Thu Mar 31 17:49:02 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.50.18~19\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.5.0: Tue Apr 5 15:12:03 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.50.20~12\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 15.5.0: Mon Apr 18 16:44:07 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.50.21~4\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3.2 beta 4
9.3.2
9.3.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 15.6.0: Tue May 17 19:53:27 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.60.3~3\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.3.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 15.6.0: Tue May 31 19:52:45 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.60.4~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
9.3.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 15.6.0: Thu Jun 16 18:08:00 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.60.8~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
9.3.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 15.6.0: Mon Jun 20 20:10:21 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.60.9~1/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
9.3.3 beta 5
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5 Darwin Kernel Version 15.6.0: Fri Aug 19 10:37:56 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3248.61.1~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
9.3.6
10.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Wed May 25 21:19:24 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3705.0.0.2.3~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Tue Jun 28 21:38:14 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3757~291\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Sat Jul 9 23:57:18 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3777.0.0.0.1~28\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Wed Jul 27 19:44:34 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.1.4.2.1~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Fri Aug 5 22:15:30 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.1.24~11\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Wed Aug 10 21:55:58 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.2.2~4\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0 beta 7
10.0 beta 8
10.0 Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Wed Aug 10 22:33:10 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.2.2~3\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
10.0.1 GM Darwin Kernel Version 16.0.0: Sun Aug 28 20:36:54 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.2.4~3\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.0.1
10.0.2
10.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.1.0: Fri Sep 16 03:53:22 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.20.46~54\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.1.0: Thu Sep 29 21:56:12 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.22.3~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.1 beta 3
10.1 beta 4
10.1
10.1.1
10.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Sun Oct 23 20:18:32 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.76~6\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Tue Nov 1 22:23:11 PDT 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.86~54\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Mon Nov 7 22:58:42 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.92~36\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Mon Nov 7 19:32:10 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.30.92~29\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Tue Nov 29 21:40:09 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.32.1~4\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2 beta 6
10.2 beta 7
10.2
10.2.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Thu Dec 1 19:49:21 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.42.1~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.3.0: Thu Dec 15 22:41:46 PST 2016; root:xnu-3789.42.2~1\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.2.1 beta 3
10.2.1 beta 4
10.2.1
10.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Mon Jan 16 21:43:53 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.50.189~28\/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
10.3 beta 2 Kernel Version 16.5.0: Tue Jan 31 21:09:24 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.50.195.1.1~2/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
10.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Fri Feb 10 22:11:20 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.50.208~47/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
10.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Thu Feb 23 23:48:09 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.52.2~9\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3 beta 5
10.3 beta 6
10.3 beta 7
10.3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.5.0: Thu Feb 23 23:22:54 PST 2017; root:xnu-3789.52.2~7\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.1
10.3.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Mon Mar 20 22:28:31 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.12~10\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Tue Apr 4 21:19:08 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.15~13\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Tue Apr 11 22:03:42 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.20~11\/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Mon Apr 17 20:33:39 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.24~25/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.2 beta 5
10.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.6.0: Mon Apr 17 17:33:34 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.60.24~24/RELEASE_ARM_S8000
10.3.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Mon May 8 21:45:24 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.9~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000
10.3.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Wed May 24 22:28:55 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.11~6/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
10.3.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Tue Jun 6 21:56:23 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.15~6/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
10.3.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 22:48:15 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~6/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.3 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 22:48:16 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~6/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
10.3.3 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 18:33:36 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~4/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
10.3.3
10.3.4 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Wed Jul 26 11:08:56 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~21/RELEASE_ARM_S5L8950X
11.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Sat May 27 21:47:07 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4397.0.0.2.4~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
11.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Tue Jun 13 21:19:50 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4481.0.0.2.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
11.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Thu Jun 29 22:31:39 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4532.0.0.0.1~30/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000
11.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Thu Jul 20 19:49:59 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4556.0.0.2.5~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S5L8960X
11.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Tue Aug 1 21:11:37 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.1.24.2.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
11.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Wed Aug 9 22:41:48 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.2.3~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
11.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Fri Aug 18 20:14:27 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.2.5~84/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
11.0 beta 8
11.0 beta 9
11.0 beta 10
11.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 17.0.0: Fri Sep 1 14:59:17 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.2.5~167/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
11.0
11.0.1
11.0.2
11.0.3
11.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.2.0: Sun Sep 17 22:21:07 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.20.55~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.2.0: Sat Sep 30 23:14:15 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.20.62~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.1 beta 3
11.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.2.0: Fri Sep 29 18:14:51 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.20.62~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.1 beta 5
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Wed Oct 25 19:27:20 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.30.79~22/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Sun Oct 29 17:18:38 PDT 2017; root:xnu-4570.30.85~18/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Mon Nov 6 22:29:20 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.32.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2 beta 4
11.2 beta 5
11.2 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 17.3.0: Mon Nov 6 21:19:16 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.32.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Sat Dec 2 21:26:33 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.40.6~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2.5 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Wed Dec 13 22:51:57 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.40.9~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2.5 beta 3
11.2.5 beta 4
11.2.5 beta 5
11.2.5 beta 6
11.2.5 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 17.4.0: Fri Dec 8 19:35:51 PST 2017; root:xnu-4570.40.9~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.2.5
11.2.6
11.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Jan 13 00:03:04 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.243~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Fri Jan 26 22:56:33 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.257~6/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Feb 10 17:01:35 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.279~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sat Feb 24 20:24:10 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.50.294~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.3 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 6 20:47:58 PST 2018; root:xnu-4570.52.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.3 beta 6
11.3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Tue Mar 13 21:32:11 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.52.2~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
11.3.1
11.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.5.0: Sun Mar 25 20:49:19 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.10.0.1~16/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Thu Apr 5 22:33:56 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.16~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Sun Apr 22 03:29:53 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.19~25/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Tue May 1 16:16:12 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4 beta 5
11.4 beta 6
11.4 Darwin Kernel Version 17.6.0: Mon Apr 30 18:48:32 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.60.21~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon May 21 19:02:13 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.14~16/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Sun Jun 3 20:38:12 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.19~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Tue Jun 12 20:37:30 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~9/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
11.4.1 beta 4
11.4.1 beta 5
11.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: Mon Jun 11 19:06:27 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4570.70.24~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Fri May 25 21:25:37 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.199.12.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Jun 13 21:04:46 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.249.22.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Jun 26 21:06:03 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.274.32.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Mon Jul 9 21:17:19 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.304.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Jul 25 22:51:45 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.327.52.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Aug 1 21:11:01 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.342.62.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Sun Aug 5 21:44:00 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.200.354~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 8 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Fri Aug 10 21:57:57 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 9 Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Wed Aug 15 21:51:15 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0 beta 10
12.0 beta 11
12.0 beta 12
12.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 18.0.0: Tue Aug 14 22:07:16 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.202.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.0
12.0.1
12.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Sep 10 22:05:56 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.220.42~21/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sun Sep 23 20:16:38 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.220.48~40/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Oct 3 02:49:20 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.222.1~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Tue Oct 9 18:52:50 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.222.4~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Tue Oct 16 22:15:34 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.222.5~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Tue Oct 16 21:02:33 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.222.5~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Thu Oct 25 21:36:46 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.230.15~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sat Nov 3 03:45:48 PDT 2018; root:xnu-4903.232.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 21:07:36 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.232.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.1.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 20:32:01 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.232.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.1.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sun Dec 2 20:53:08 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.240.8~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.1.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Mon Nov 12 20:32:01 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.232.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.1.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Sun Dec 16 20:44:43 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.240.10~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.1.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 22:27:19 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.242.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.1.3 beta 4
12.1.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.2.0: Wed Dec 19 20:28:53 PST 2018; root:xnu-4903.242.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.1.4
12.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Jan 13 21:01:59 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.305~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Wed Jan 30 19:26:26 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.319~58/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Feb 10 20:48:56 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.336.0.1~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Sun Feb 24 21:50:15 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.250.349~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.2 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 21:34:09 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.252.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.2 beta 6
12.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.5.0: Tue Mar 5 19:52:18 PST 2019; root:xnu-4903.252.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Mon Mar 18 23:03:29 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.260.65.100.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Mon Apr 1 21:12:58 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.260.74.100.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 18 19:45:13 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.260.85.0.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.3 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 23:57:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.3 beta 5
12.3 beta 6
12.3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 22:14:10 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.3.1 (12F203)
12.3.1 (12F8202) Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu May 9 15:45:33 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
12.3.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 22:14:08 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.262.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Tue May 7 23:38:12 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.19.100.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.4 beta 2
12.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Tue May 21 01:53:36 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.29~10/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Wed Jun 5 21:04:51 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.37~24/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.4 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Fri Jun 14 21:12:14 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.38~24/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.4 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Tue Jun 25 22:53:57 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.47~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.4 beta 7
12.4 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Fri Jun 21 22:24:16 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.270.47~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
12.4.1 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Mon Aug 19 22:24:08 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.272.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
12.4.2 Darwin Kernel Version 18.7.0: Mon Aug 19 22:24:08 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.272.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T7000
12.4.3
12.4.4
12.4.5
12.4.6
12.4.7
12.4.8
13.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue May 21 03:52:25 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6041.0.0.112.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Jun 9 18:57:16 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6110.0.0.120.8~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Jun 27 20:08:29 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.13.132.4~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Jul 9 00:52:55 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.59.0.2~63/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Jul 21 19:17:20 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.98.0.2~30/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Jul 30 23:56:43 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.8~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Aug 9 23:13:23 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.11~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 beta 8 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Aug 15 21:21:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.12~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Mon Aug 12 20:19:35 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.103.12~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
13.0
13.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Aug 18 23:18:25 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.0.166~14/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
13.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Aug 29 23:02:07 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.2.2~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.1 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Sep 6 09:12:32 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.2.3~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
13.1 beta 4
13.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Tue Sep 3 21:52:14 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.2.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Sun Sep 22 21:45:32 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.121.0.1~23/RELEASE_ARM64_T8020
13.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Thu Oct 3 23:49:24 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.40.150.100.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
13.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Fri Oct 11 02:14:05 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.42.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.2 beta 4
13.2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Oct 9 22:42:11 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.3 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Thu Oct 31 02:33:36 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.58.0.1~22/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.3 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Wed Nov 6 02:29:57 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~54/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
13.3 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Tue Nov 12 22:06:16 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~63/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
13.3 beta 4
13.3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.2.0: Mon Nov 4 17:44:49 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.60.66~39/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.3.1 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Sun Dec 8 21:03:13 PST 2019; root:xnu-6153.80.8.0.1~13/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.3.1 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Thu Jan 9 22:14:53 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.82.3~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.3.1 beta 3
13.3.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.3.0: Thu Jan 9 21:10:55 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.82.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Jan 29 20:44:26 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.100.178.100.2~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Tue Feb 11 21:22:30 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.100.196~52/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Thu Feb 20 00:09:27 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Feb 26 00:59:07 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.3~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Feb 26 00:59:07 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.3~5/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Mon Feb 24 22:04:12 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.102.3~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4
13.4.1
13.4.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue Mar 24 15:35:36 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.15~29/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.4.5 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Sun Apr 5 22:05:12 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.27~19/RELEASE_ARM64_T8027
13.5 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Sun Apr 19 23:40:03 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.120.31~15/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.5 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Wed Apr 29 21:33:50 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.122.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8027
13.5 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue Apr 28 22:25:26 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.122.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.5
13.5.1 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue May 26 20:56:04 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.122.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
13.5.5 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sun May 17 23:49:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.140.21~11/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.6 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Tue Jun 2 23:09:45 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.140.27.0.1~17/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.6 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sun Jun 21 23:18:41 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.142.1~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
13.6 GM Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sat Jun 27 04:36:25 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.142.1~4/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
13.6
13.6.1
13.7 beta Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Sat Jul 11 00:58:54 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.142.1~8/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
14.0 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Thu Jun 11 21:44:34 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7090.0.0.112.4~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
14.0 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Tue Jun 30 22:45:10 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7147.0.0.122.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.0 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Jul 13 22:51:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7168.0.0.132.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8030
14.0 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Jul 27 02:44:58 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.8.0.1~21/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.0 beta 5 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 12 22:56:55 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.33~64/RELEASE_ARM64_T8010
14.0 beta 6 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Mon Aug 17 09:09:19 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.41~15/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
14.0 beta 7 Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Aug 26 23:29:06 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~3/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.0 beta 8
14.0 GM Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Fri Aug 28 23:05:58 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~9/RELEASE_ARM64_S8000
14.0
14.0.1
14.1 GM Darwin Kernel Version 20.0.0: Wed Sep 30 03:24:26 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.0.46~41/RELEASE_ARM64_T8101
14.1
14.2 beta Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Fri Sep 11 19:19:05 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.84.172.1~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.2 beta 2 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Mon Sep 21 00:08:44 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.113.0.2~22/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.2 beta 3 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Wed Oct 7 00:36:56 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.141~32/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.2 beta 4 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Tue Oct 13 09:52:10 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.40.143~17/RELEASE_ARM64_T8015
14.2 RC Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Thu Oct 22 12:48:34 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.42.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8101

Kernel Image

The kernel image base is randomized by the boot loader (iBoot). This is done by creating random data, doing a SHA-1 hash of it and then using a byte from the SHA-1 hash for the kernel slide. The slide is calculated with this formula: 

base=0x01000000+(slide_byte*0x00200000)

If the slide is 0, the static offset of 0x21000000 is used instead.

The adjusted base is passed to the kernel in the boot arguments structure at offset 0x04, which is equivalent to gBootArgs->virtBase.

Kernel Map

The kernel map is used for kernel allocations of all types (kalloc(), kernel_memory_allocate(), etc.) and spans all of kernel space (0x80000000-0xFFFEFFFF). The kernel based maps are submaps of the kernel_map, for example zone_map, ipc_kernel_map, etc.

The strategy is to randomize the base of the kernel_map. A random 9-bit value is generated right after kmem_init() which establishes kernel_map, is multiplied by the page size. The resulting value is used as the size for the initial kernel_map allocation. Future kernel_map (and submap) allocations are pushed forward by a random amount. The allocation is silently removed after the first garbage collection and reused. This behaviour can be overridden with the "kmapoff" boot parameter.

Attacks

Kext_request() allows applications to request information about kernel modules, divided into active and passive operations. Active operations (load, unload, start, stop, etc.) require root access. iOS removes the ability to load kernel extensions. Passive operations were originally (before iOS 6) unrestricted and allowed unprivileged users to query kernel module base addresses. iOS6 inadvertently removed some limitations; only the load address requests are disallowed. So attackers can use kKextRequestPredicateGetLoaded to get load addresses and mach-o header dumps. The load address and mach-o segment headers are obscured to hide the ASLR slide, but mach-o section headers are not. This reveals the virtual addresses of loaded kernel sections.

This information leak has been closed with iOS 6.0.1.

Versions codenames

Internally, iOS identifies each version by a codename, often used internally only, normally to maintain secrecy of the project. For example, the codename for iOS 14 is Azul.

Jailbreaking

Since its initial release, iOS has been subject to a variety of different hacks centered around adding functionality not allowed by Apple. Prior to the 2008 debut of Apple's native iOS App Store, the primary motive for jailbreaking was to bypass Apple's purchase mechanism for installing the App Store's native applications. Apple claimed that it would not release iOS software updates designed specifically to break these tools (other than applications that perform SIM unlocking); however, with each subsequent iOS update, previously un-patched jailbreak exploits are usually patched.

When a device is booting, it loads Apple's own kernel initially, so a jailbroken device must be exploited and have the kernel patched each time it is booted up.

There are different types of jailbreak. An untethered jailbreak uses exploits that are powerful enough to allow the user to turn their device off and back on at will, with the device starting up completely, and the kernel will be patched without the help of a computer – in other words, it will be jailbroken even after each reboot.

However, some jailbreaks are tethered. A tethered jailbreak is only able to temporarily jailbreak the device during a single boot. If the user turns the device off and then boots it back up without the help of a jailbreak tool, the device will no longer be running a patched kernel, and it may get stuck in a partially started state, such as Recovery Mode. In order for the device to start completely and with a patched kernel, it must be "re-jailbroken" with a computer (using the "boot tethered" feature of a tool) each time it is turned on. All changes to the files on the device (such as installed package files or edited system files) will persist between reboots, including changes that can only function if the device is jailbroken (such as installed package files).

In more recent years, two other solutions have been created - semi-tethered and semi-untethered.

A semi-tethered solution is one where the device is able to start up on its own, but it will no longer have a patched kernel, and therefore will not be able to run modified code. It will, however, still be usable for normal functions, just like stock iOS. To start with a patched kernel, the user must start the device with the help of the jailbreak tool.

A semi-untethered jailbreak gives the ability to start the device on its own. On first boot, the device will not be running a patched kernel. However, rather than having to run a tool from a computer to apply the kernel patches, the user is able to re-jailbreak their device with the help of an app (usually sideloaded using Cydia Impactor) running on their device. In the case of the iOS 9.2-9.3.3 jailbreak, a Safari-based exploit was available, thereby meaning a website could be used to rejailbreak.

In more detail: Each iOS device has a bootchain that tries to make sure only trusted/signed code is loaded. A device with a tethered jailbreak is able to boot up with the help of a jailbreaking tool because the tool executes exploits via USB that bypass parts of that "chain of trust", bootstrapping to a pwned (no signature check) iBSS, iBEC, or iBoot to finish the boot process.

Since the arrival of Apple's native iOS App Store, and—along with it—third-party applications, the general motives for jailbreaking have changed. People jailbreak for many different reasons, including gaining filesystem access, installing custom device themes, and modifying SpringBoard. An additional motivation is that it may enable the installation of pirated apps. On some devices, jailbreaking also makes it possible to install alternative operating systems, such as Android and the Linux kernel. Primarily, users jailbreak their devices because of the limitations of iOS. Depending on the method used, the effects of jailbreaking may be permanent or temporary.

In 2010, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) successfully convinced the U.S. Copyright Office to allow an exemption to the general prohibition on circumvention of copyright protection systems under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The exemption allows jailbreaking of iPhones for the sole purpose of allowing legally obtained applications to be added to the iPhone. The exemption does not affect the contractual relations between Apple and an iPhone owner, for example, jailbreaking voiding the iPhone warranty; however, it is solely based on Apple's discretion on whether they will fix jailbroken devices in the event that they need to be repaired. At the same time, the Copyright Office exempted unlocking an iPhone from DMCA's anticircumvention prohibitions. Unlocking an iPhone allows the iPhone to be used with any wireless carrier using the same GSM or CDMA technology for which the particular phone model was designed to operate.

Unlocking

Initially most wireless carriers in the US did not allow iPhone owners to unlock it for use with other carriers. However AT&T allowed iPhone owners who have satisfied contract requirements to unlock their iPhone. Instructions to unlock the device are available from Apple, but it is ultimately the sole discretion of the carrier to authorize the device to be unlocked. This allows the use of a carrier-sourced iPhone on other networks. Modern versions of iOS and the iPhone fully support LTE across multiple carriers despite where the phone was originally purchased from. There are programs to remove SIM lock restrictions, but are not supported by Apple and most often not a permanent unlock – a soft-unlock.

A software unlock is the process by which the iPhone is modified such that the baseband will accept the SIM card of any GSM carrier. This is entirely different than a jailbreak; jailbreaking one's iPhone does not unlock it. A jailbreak is, however, required for all currently public, unofficial software unlocks.

The legality of software unlocking varies in each country; for example, in the US, there is a DMCA exemption for unofficial software unlocking, but the exemption is limited to devices purchased before January 26, 2013 (so software unlocks for newer devices are in a legal grey area).

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